What is the basic principle of jet pump?

A jet pump, also known as an ejector pump or a jet ejector, is a type of fluid-moving device that operates based on the principle of fluid entrainment and the Venturi effect. Jet pumps are commonly used for various applications, including pumping liquids, creating a vacuum, and mixing fluids. The basic principle of a jet pump involves the following concepts:

1. Fluid Entrainment: The fundamental principle of a jet pump is the entrainment of one fluid (usually a gas or a liquid) by another fluid (typically a liquid). This process relies on the ability of a high-velocity fluid stream to entrain or draw in a lower-velocity fluid, effectively combining the two streams.

2. Venturi Effect: At the heart of a jet pump is a Venturi tube or nozzle. The Venturi effect occurs when a fluid passes through a narrow section (the throat) within a tube or nozzle. As the fluid flows through this constriction, its velocity increases, while its pressure decreases according to Bernoulli's principle.

3. Fluid Flow: In a typical jet pump setup, there are two primary fluid streams:

   - Motive Fluid: This is the high-velocity fluid (often a liquid) that flows through the nozzle or Venturi tube. The high velocity is achieved by forcing the fluid through the constriction.

      - Suction Fluid: This is the lower-velocity fluid (gas or liquid) that needs to be moved or entrained. The motive fluid entrains the suction fluid.

4. Entrainment and Mixing: As the motive fluid flows through the Venturi nozzle, it creates a region of low pressure at the throat of the nozzle due to the Venturi effect. This low-pressure zone "sucks in" or entrains the suction fluid, drawing it into the motive fluid stream.

5. Combined Flow: The motive fluid, now carrying the entrained suction fluid, exits the nozzle as a combined flow. This mixture continues to flow downstream, and the entrained fluid becomes thoroughly mixed with the motive fluid.

6. Transfer of Momentum and Energy: The entrained fluid imparts its momentum and energy to the motive fluid as they mix. This transfer of energy allows the jet pump to perform various tasks, such as lifting liquids, creating a vacuum, or mixing chemicals.

Applications of Jet Pumps:

- Liquid Pumping: Jet pumps are used to pump liquids, including water, chemicals, and fuels, in various industries.

- Vacuum Generation: Jet pumps can create a vacuum by entraining air or other gases, making them useful in applications like vacuum systems and suction devices.

- Mixing and Agitation: Jet pumps are employed for mixing and agitating liquids and chemicals in industrial processes.

- Oil Wells: Jet pumps are used in some oil well pumping systems to lift oil to the surface.

Jet pumps are versatile and have no moving parts, which makes them reliable and suitable for a wide range of applications. However, their efficiency can vary depending on factors such as the design of the nozzle, the properties of the fluids involved, and the operating conditions.